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An proxy is also known as a proxy server software that serves in the role of an intermediary the server and client over the internet. In the absence of proxies, a customer could send a request to a service directly from a server, and the server could serve the resource directly back at the requester's. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement, using proxies provides benefits such as improved performance as well as privacy, security and much more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy functions as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combined mixture of the server's hardware with proxy software is commonly referred too as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically described as software and specifically in relation to web servers. This article will present a detailed breakdown of two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the identical terms.




This article will give you information about what proxy services and subtypes are, and how they work in a variety of configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able to recognize the instances where the use of proxies is beneficial, and choose the most appropriate solution between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes called the open proxy is a proxy for a user who wishes to send a request via the internet to an the server which originated it. In this situation, the entire effort to send requests made by the user is instead made via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting instead of the client will check at the request. Then, it determines whether this client is authorized to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides to reject any request, or forward it to the server that originated it. The client does not have direct connection to the internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy permits the client to connect.




A common use of forward proxies is increased privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy allows access to the internet instead of a client, and in this way it can use an alternative IP address to the IP address that was originally used by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured and how it is configured forward proxy could provide you with different features based on how it is configured, which allows you to:




Do not be a victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize restrictions based on place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems which are centralized as well as permission-based access in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy, the administrator is able to grant only a few clients access to the internet by the standard firewall. Instead of creating security firewalls at the layer of clients, which can comprise a variety of computers with different environments and types of users A firewall can be installed at the front proxy level.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies must be manually set up in order to be used, whereas reverse proxies can not be detected by the user. Depending on the type the IP address of the user, they are transferred to the origin server through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity can be granted or denied.




There are numerous options to consider for forward proxies.




Apache An open source well-known web server, which offers forward proxy features.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source web server with the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid is a free forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. You can read our article about the best method to create Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suitable for applications like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is an agent for the web server which manages any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server may include a server, or multiple servers. It could also be an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request will come via the internet at large. In most cases requests will then be sent directly to a web server along with the resources the user is seeking. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating the webserver from direct communications via the open internet.




From the point of view of a user the experience of using a reverse proxy is no different from communicating with an internet server directly. It's basically the same, but the client can't see the distinction. The client asks for an item and receives it, without any extra configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Centralized security for web servers.


Directing incoming traffic based on rules you set.


New functionality added for caching.




While centralized security can be an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer that is the webserver and not those who are on the client side. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the layer of web servers, that could include multiple servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted to the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to concentrate on addressing the needs of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers operating with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible for the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers could be running on the same server, each providing various kinds of resources or a mix of both. They may use the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, however they can also be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy that directs users to a particular server based on the service required, or to specific rules pertaining to the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies also gain from their placement on top of web servers as they offer caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set up with caching rules to avoid the need to call web servers each time you request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static content without having to interact with the webserver for even one time. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions are capable of handling the compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a highly regarded reverse proxy service. While Apache is also a reverse proxy service it is not the only one. Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy features however, it's an additional feature that is available to Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and focuses specifically on reverse proxy features.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are ascribed to a sense of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The most effective way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the needs of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is a useful tool when you are developing a solution that can offer web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers during any interaction on the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are placed before users for personal use, or even in the workplace. They represent your client's traffic whenever you interact on the internet.




The practice of separating by use case, instead of using only the most common naming conventions will ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy using the two major types, namely the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use as well as a review of the advantageous features were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the possibilities of proxies, then you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy in Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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