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The word "proxy" is a reference to the concept of a proxy or proxy server a server software that serves as an intermediary between client and a server on the internet. Without the need for a proxy, a user could send a request for resources direct to the server while the server will then provide the resource directly back to the user. This method is simple to understand and use, the addition of proxies can bring benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy acts as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the combination of hardware and software for servers with proxy software installed is also often referred too as a proxy server. This article will focus on proxies which are generally thought of to be software, and specifically with regard with web server. The article will offer details of two types, namely one being a forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is often confused due to the similar terms.




This article will give you the knowledge of the different types of proxies, what their subtypes are and the way they work with a range of configurations. In this article, you'll learn to recognize the situations where it is beneficial to use a proxy and select the best option between forward and reverse proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, sometimes referred to as an open proxy is a means of intermediary to allow a user to make a request via the internet to a source server. In this case, the entire attempt to send requests by the user will instead be sent through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting as a substitute as the customer, is able to take a look into the request. At the beginning, it will decide if this client can accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It has access to only what the forward proxy allows for it access to.




The most common reason for using forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet as the client and it can use an alternative IP address in addition to the initial IP address of the client.




Depending on how it has been set up according to the configuration forward proxy can offer a range of features and let you:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that rely on central security and access based on permissions, like in a workplace. When all internet traffic passes via an open forward proxy administrators can allow access to only a few users to the internet, and this is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the layer of clients which can be used by a variety of computer systems with different configurations and environments, a firewall could be added to this layer to forward proxy data.




It is important to remember that forward proxy servers must be manually configured for use and reverse proxies may not be noticed by the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that a user is sent to the server from where it was received via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are many options to consider for forward proxy:




Apache A popular open-source, well-known web server, that can provide forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for web hosting with the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid is an open source forward proxy based on the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server system. It is possible to refer to our step-by-step guide to installing Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which allows it to be more suitable for use situations such as peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to know how to set up a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server that handles incoming requests from customers on behalf of the server. This web server can serve as a one server, or multiple servers. Additionally, it can be used for application servers such as Gunicorn. In any event it is possible to send a request from the Internet at large. Typically the request would go directly to the web server and include the information the user wants. However, reverse proxy serves as an intermediary securing the server from direct contact to the open internet.




From a user's point of view the experience of interacting using reverse proxy isn't much different than using the server on its own. It's the same, but the client can't tell the distinction. The client is able to make a request for the resource and it is provided with it, without any additional configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide options like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Incoming traffic is directed according to the rules you establish.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxy providers this feature to the web server layer, but not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers which may comprise multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of the firewall security is focused at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, removing the responsibility of working with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients that are not on web servers allows them to focus on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers operating in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy manages which requests go to which server. There may be many web servers offering the same service, each offering different types of resource or a mixture of both. They could use the HTTP protocol to function as a traditional web server. However, they could include other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to redirect visitors to specific server depending on the service they require or to adhere to specific guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also be able to gain advantage from their position ahead of web servers, offering the capability to store information. Massive static resources can be set with caching rules to ensure that they avoid Web servers from getting hit with every request. Certain solutions allow you to upload static files directly, by not connecting with the website server. Additionally the reverse proxy can be able to handle compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx web server can also be an efficient reverse proxy option. While you can use the Apache web server has reverse proxy capabilities but it's an additional option for Apache while Nginx was originally designed for and specifically designed for reverse proxy features.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use The Case



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as false connections with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxy can handle requests as well as responses. A different method of distinguishing between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the specifications of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy can be useful when building a solution to serve web applications on the internet. They are your web servers for all interactions on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed before customers for personal use, or in an organization. They are a representation of the customer's data when you interact with them on the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on the common names can aid you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the significance of a proxy having two kinds: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical use cases along with an examination of the most useful features were used to define the two kinds of proxy which are reverse and forward. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies then we suggest you read our guide on how to set up Nginx as an internet server as well as reverse proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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