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It is proxy is proxy is also referred to proxy server software that sits as a mediator between a server and a client on the internet. Without a proxy, a client would make a request an item directly to a server and it would deliver that resource to its user directly. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies can provide advantages such as greater performance as well as privacy, security and much more. As an additional layer of moving through, a proxy serves as a guardian to the internet between users and servers.




The general consensus is it is the case that the mix of servers hardware with installed proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. For this post, we will concentrate on proxies that are typically described in terms of software as well as those that are utilized in conjunction with web servers. This article will provide the full description of two types of proxy: that is one that is a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case that is frequently confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an understanding of the different types of proxy and their subtypes, and the ways they can prove useful for common setups. By reading this article you'll be able identify the circumstances that a proxy could be advantageous, and choose the best forward proxy or reverse proxy for a particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known in the form of open proxy. An open proxy is a representative of a customer that attempts to transmit a request through the internet to an the server that originated it. In this case, it's the scenario that all requests made by the client are directed via this forward proxy. In this case the forward proxy acting in lieu of the client will review the request. It will first decides if the client is allowed to forward requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to reject the request or forward it to the origin server. It isn't able to directly connect with the web. It is only able to access the information the forward proxy permits it access to.




A typical use of forward proxies is to gain more privacy or protection on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as a personal client. In this manner, it may utilize a different IP address in contrast to the IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it was configured in the past forward proxy servers may offer a wide range of options, allowing you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location of residence.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and permission based access, like in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed by an open forward proxy an administrator is able to grant only a handful of users access to the internet, which is filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the layer of clients that can include multiple machines that have different environments and users, the firewall can be placed at the layer which is responsible for forwarding proxy data.




Be aware that forward proxies need to be set up manually prior to be used, while reverse proxies can be disregarded by clients. Based on the fact that clients' IP addresses are transmitted to the server that originated it via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or made more transparent.




There are a myriad of possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx A renowned open-source webserver with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It does not include the entire web server service. Take a look at our guide on the best method to set up Squid proxy for secure connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP and HTTP, which makes it more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to learn how to configure an Dante proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as a representative of a web server that handles requests from customers on behalf of. The web server may represent a single or multiple servers. Furthermore, it could be an application server such as Gunicorn. For any one of these cases, it is possible to receive a request via the internet in general. Most of the time the request is sent directly to the server along with the data the user is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary and isolates your website server from any interaction with the open internet.




From a client's perspective from the perspective of a customer reverse proxy isn't any different from communicating directly with the webserver in direct communication. It's basically the same and the client is unable to discern the difference. Client requests resources, which is followed by receiving it, without any additional configurations required for the user.




Reverse proxy proxies may offer some features, including:




Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.


Sending traffic to be directed according to the rules you set up.


Additional features for caching.




Although central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy service, reverse proxy provides this benefit only to the server layer, and not to the layer that connects to the client. Instead of the need to maintain firewalls at the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security resides on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients far from web servers allows the firewall to focus on the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers that are behind a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will also take care of how requests are routed to the server. Multiple web servers may be operating within the same system, providing different kinds of resources or a combination of the two. They can be using the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server. They can also use applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to send customers to specific servers according to the kind of resource they are seeking, or to comply with certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can profit from their placement prior to web servers, by providing the capability of caching. Large static assets are able to be configured with caching policies to avoid having to connect to web servers with each request, with certain services offering the possibility to serve static files directly without having to connect with the server at all. Furthermore reverse proxy is able to manage the compression of these assets.




The famous Nginx web server is known as a reverse proxy provider. While you can use it, Apache web server, it is equipped with reverse proxy features however it's an additional feature available only for Apache while Nginx was initially developed for and was designed to perform reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilizing Differentiation of Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false connections to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These labels are confusing because both kinds of proxies can manage requests and responses. A better approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial in the development of a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They serve as your servers when you interact with the internet.




Forward proxy are helpful when you are before a client for personal use or in a workplace setting. They are a representation of your traffic when you are on the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use cases instead of focusing exclusively on similar naming conventions can help you avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article provides the definition of a proxy with the two major types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and an exploration of advantageous features were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the possibilities of proxy services, then take a look at our tutorial on how you can set up Nginx as reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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