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An proxy often referred to as the proxy server, is software that functions as mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients would make a request resources directly to the server and it will serve that resource to its user directly. Although this is a simple process to comprehend and implement using proxies, it can offer benefits in terms of enhanced performance, privacy, security, and many more. As an additional layer of protection, a proxy acts as a guardian for the internet, separating servers and users.




The general bundle of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is generally called a proxy server. In this post, we'll examine proxy servers which are usually described as software, and also when it comes to web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two major kinds of proxy servers: a forward proxy as well as a reverse proxy. Each kind has its own use case, often confused because of a similar name convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are as well as their value in common setups. Through this post, you'll know what circumstances where a reliable proxy could be useful and pick the right solution in between forward and reverse proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also called an open proxy, also known as an open acts as an intermediary for a client that is trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this case every request made by the client will be directed straight through forward-proxy. A forward proxy in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. First, it will determine whether the client is permitted be able to accept requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the server that originally received it. The client does not have directly access to internet. It can access only what forward proxy grants the client access.




A very frequent applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy or security while using the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as a client, and in the process it can use an alternate IP address in addition to the client's IP address.




Based on the way it was configured, based on the configuration, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending upon the configuration and allows users to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, like at an office. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy. administrators can limit access to specific clients on the internet that is protected by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer that can include multiple devices with different configurations and users there is the option to install a firewall located at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Note the forward proxy setting need to be set manually for use, but reverse proxies are likely to be disregarded in the eyes of the user. Based on the fact that your IP address a user is sent to the server from where it came from by the forward proxy, privacy and security could be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a myriad of alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server. Read our guide on how you can install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer connections. You may also want to know how to set up Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is the web server that handles incoming requests from customers on behalf of. The web server may be a single, or a number of servers. It could even be an application server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request comes by a user on the internet. Most of the time, the request would be sent directly to a web server along with the information that the user is seeking. In contrast, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary and isolates your web server from contact with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the individual client's point of view, the process of using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to a Web server through direct communication. It's the same thing and the client is unable to tell the difference. Client requests the resource, which is followed by receiving it, without any additional configurations required for the end-user.




Reverse proxy providers offer options like:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


Incoming traffic is directed on the rules you define.


New functionality added for caching.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy adds this for only the server layer, but not the client layer. instead of being focused on upkeep of firewalls on the server level that can contain a variety of servers and different configurations, most of firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy level. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls as well as communicating with requests from clients far from web servers enables them to focus on meeting the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers that are connected via a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing what requests are routed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers offering the same content, and each providing different services or a combination of the two. They could be running the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but can contain different protocols for applications servers such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to direct users to a particular server based on the requested resource or to comply with specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies may benefit from their placement over web servers by giving them the ability to store data. Massive static resources can be set up with caching policy to avoid the web server from being hit with every request. Certain solutions allow you to serve static files directly without having to contact servers on the internet in any manner. In addition reverse proxy solutions can handle compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy option. However, an equivalent feature available that is available in Apache web server, it has a reverse proxy features as an additional feature available to Apache whereas Nginx was designed originally for and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" along with "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. The best method to differentiate between the reverse and forward proxy types is to study the specifications of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when you are developing a solution to serve applications that are on the internet. They act as your web servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are placed in front of customers for your own usage or even in a corporate environment. They represent your client traffic through any interaction with the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions can aid in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



In this article, we explained what aproxy is, and compared it to the two most common types of proxy: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a review of the attributes that are beneficial were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about how proxies are implemented then you should check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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