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An proxy, also called a proxy server software acts to act as a mediator between server and client on the internet. With no proxy in place, a client could make a request a service directly from a server, and the server could serve the requested resource directly back at the requester's. Although this method is easy to understand and implement but adding proxies offers benefits such as improved performance and security, privacy, and much more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the combined combination of server hardware and installed proxy software is often called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically defined as software, and when referring to web servers. This article will provide an in-depth breakdown of two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage situation, and it is frequently not understood due to the similar terminology.




This article will provide information about what proxy services and their subtypes, as well as how they function in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll be able to recognize the situations in which using proxies can be advantageous and pick the right solution for reverse or forward proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as the open proxy serves as a representative for a customer who needs to send an internet request to the server which originated it. In this situation, the entire attempt to send requests from the user will instead be made via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting as a substitute for the client, will look into the request. It will then determine whether the client is authorized to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides to refuse any request or forward it to the source server. The client is not able to have direct connection directly to internet. It is able to access only what forward proxy permits it to access.




One of the most popular uses for forward proxies is increased privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy can access the internet instead of a client and by doing this it can use an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it's been configured depending on how it is configured forward proxy could provide you with different features based on the configuration it, allowing you to:




Don't be a victim of ad-tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize the restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems which are centralized as well as permission-based access, like at a workplace. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy, the administrator is able to grant only a small number of clients connection to internet filtered through the common firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer, which could comprise a range of computers with diverse environments and users A firewall can be placed in this intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies must be manually setup in order to be used while reverse proxies will be hidden from the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that the user, they are transferred to the server that is originally via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or denied.




There are a variety of alternatives to look into for forward proxies.




Apache An open source well-known web server that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server that has the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid: A free forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. You can read our article on the best way to build a Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP which makes it better for usage scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is an intermediary for a web server, which handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. Web servers can comprise one or more servers. It could also be an application-server such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will be made via the internet at large. In most cases, the request will be made directly to the web server along with the resources the user is looking for. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary and isolates this webserver from direct communication with the internet.




From the point of view of the user, the experience of using reverse proxy is not different than connecting to an internet server directly. It's essentially the same but the client is unable to discern the difference. The client makes a request for a resource and then receives it, without any extra configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


Directing incoming traffic by implementing rules that you establish.


New caching functionality has been added.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxy providers provide this service only to the layer that is the webserver and not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in the web server layer, which might contain many servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the removal of the burden of interacting with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers through web servers allows them to concentrate solely on the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers operating with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible for the direction that requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers may be operating from the same host, providing various kinds of resources or a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, but they can also be equipped with application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers that redirect users to a specific server according to the service required, or to specific rules pertaining to the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies also gain from their placement over web servers by providing caching capabilities. Massive static files can be created with caching rules to avoid the need to call web servers for each request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static assets without having to connect with the webserver at all. Additionally reverse proxy solutions are capable of handling compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy service. Although Apache is a reverse proxy service however, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy features however, it's a distinct feature to Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for focus specifically on reverse proxy features.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use The Case



Since "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy services handle both requests and replies. The best method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy providers is to look at the requirements of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy is useful when building a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server for any interaction you make on the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of users either for personal use, or even in the workplace. They serve as a representation of your client's activity every time you connect to the internet.




The practice of segregating by use case instead of using only the most common naming conventions will ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy with the two major types, which are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of how to use them and a look at advantageous features were utilized to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy. If you're looking to know more about the benefits of proxies, then you can read our guide for configuring Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy within Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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