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It's also known as an proxy or proxy server. It is a software program for servers which acts as an intermediary between server and a client on the internet. Without an intermediary, the user would be able to send a request or resource to the server directly, and the server would serve direct the resource requested to the user. While this process is simple to understand and implement using proxy servers, it does offer advantages in the form of greater performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As a layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security intermediary between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the bundled mix of the server hardware and the software used to set up proxy installations is usually referred to by the name proxy servers. In this article, we'll concentrate on proxies that are typically thought of as software, and those that are used in conjunction with web servers. We will provide a description of two types of proxies: forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case, and is often misunderstood because of the naming conventions that are similar.




This article will give you the basics of what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as how they can be used in typical configurations. Through this article, users can identify the situations in which an effective proxy is useful, and select the correct solution in between forward and reverse proxy for any particular circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also forward proxy, is also known as an open proxy is a representative of the client that is trying to send requests via the internet to the server from which it originated. In this case, the entire request to send it by the client will be made by the forward-proxy. In this situation the forward proxy acting in the instead of the user will review the request. The first step is to establish what authorization the user has to make requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject this request, and then send it back to the server that originally sent it. The client is unable to establish a direct connection to the internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy gives its access.




A very frequent applications for forward proxy servers is greater privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy can be utilized to access the internet in instead of a client and, in doing so, can use an alternative IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how they were established in the past, forward proxy servers can offer a range of services and allow you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies can also be used in security systems that require centralized and have permission-based access for instance, in the workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy, administrators can grant access only to specific individuals to access the web, and this is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed to protect the client layer that could be comprised of a variety of machines that have different environments and users and environment, a firewall may be placed in an intermediate layer.




It is important to note that forward proxies have to be manually configured in order to be used however reverse proxies will be ignored to the user. Based on whether or not the IP address of a customer is passed to the original server via the forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or not noticed.




There are many options to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another popular open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which utilizes the HTTP protocol. This does not include an entire web server. We've got a guide on how you can configure Squid proxy so that it allows private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations like peer-to peer traffic. You can also examine how you can configure a Dante proxy for private connections using Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an agent of a web server that handles incoming requests by clients on behalf of. The web server could consist of a single server or a number of servers. It can also function as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, it is possible to get a request from a user through the internet in general. Most of the time the request will be sent straight to the web server hosting the information the user is in need of. Reverse proxy is an intermediary, separating Web server from direct interaction with the internet.




From a client's viewpoint, which is from a user's point of view connecting to reverse proxy isn't that different from connecting directly to your website server. It's the same thing, however the client isn't able to tell the difference. The client requests an item, and it is delivered without any additional configuration needed to be done by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxies may offer some features, including:




A centralized layer of security to protect the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you establish.


A new feature for caching has been added.




Central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy solutions, reverse proxies provide this service to this layer of the internet server and not to the client layer. In lieu of maintaining firewalls in the layer of web servers, which might contain several servers that have different configurations, a majority of firewall security could be targeted at this layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation to interface with firewalls and also interacting with clients' requests through web servers lets them concentrate on the requirements of their clients.




If multiple servers are running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines the way requests are routed to which server. Many web servers may be offering the same content however, they each serve different kinds of resources, or some combination of both. These servers may use the HTTP protocol just like a standard web server, but they may also include protocols for applications such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy in order to redirect clients to specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their positioning before web servers, by offering caching functionality. Large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent the server from getting hit every time a request is made Certain solutions offer the option of providing static files directly, without involving the server at all. In addition the reverse proxy can be able to handle compressing these files.




The well-known Nginx web server has become an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. However, the Apache webserver is equipped with reverse proxy function, it is an additional choice for Apache as opposed to Nginx was designed initially for and specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" are ascribed to the notion of directionality and a false comparison with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. These labels are confusing because both types of proxies manage requests and responses. Instead, a better way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the needs of the app you're developing.




A reverse proxy can be helpful in the design of a solution that can provide web-based applications on the internet. They act as your servers in all interactions on the internet.




A forward proxy is helpful when placed on the internet in front of traffic from clients to your personal use, or for work. They are a representation of your traffic when you use the internet.




The use case distinction rather than focusing solely on similar naming conventions will assist in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain the definition of a proxy, with the two primary types, namely the reverse and forward proxy. Examples of practical applications and a review of useful characteristics were used to define forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about the process of implementing proxies you can check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy using Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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