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proxy or proxy is commonly referred to for its role as a proxy server software that acts in the middle between client and server via the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users could send a request for any service directly from the server, and then the server will deliver the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and use but the addition of proxy servers may provide benefits in terms of better performance, privacy, security, and much more. Apart from adding a layer of protection the proxy also acts as a guardian to the internet, separating clients and servers.




The package of server hardware along with an installed software proxy is often referred as a proxy server. This article we will examine proxies commonly categorized as software, and also in connection with web server. The article will give a detailed breakdown of the two primary types of proxies: that is a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often confused due to the overlap in name convention.




This article will give you the knowledge of what proxy servers and their subtypes are as well as the ways they are useful in various configurations. In this article, you'll be able discern the scenarios where a proxy is beneficial, and decide on the appropriate alternative between forward and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also referred to in the form of the open proxy serves as an agent for an individual trying to make a request via the internet to an source server. In this scenario every request made by the client will be sent through an forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client, will examine the request. It first decides if the client has been granted permission to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it'll either deny requests or redirect it to the source server. It's not able directly connect to the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy permits it to access.




The most common reason for using forward proxy is the need for more privacy or security while online. Forward proxy connects to the internet as a client and during this manner, it connects an alternate IP address for your client's IP address.




Based on the way it has been configured according to the configuration, forward proxy may offer a range of features that allow users to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems to give central security and access via permissions, for instance in a workplace. Internet traffic can be routed via an open forward proxy. administrators are able to grant access to specific people to connect on the internet. This is then filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls at clients, which may be used by several computers that have different settings and users. A firewall may be placed within this forward proxy layer.




Take note that forward proxy servers must be set up manually in order to allow the use of them, but reverse proxies will not be noticed by users. Depending on whether the IP address of the client is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept secret.




There are many alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An Open Source Forward Proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. It's not part of the entire web server. We have a step-by-step guide to setup Squid proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP, making it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer connections. You could also examine how to set up the Dante proxy that will allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for web servers, which handles any requests that come in from clients its place. This server can serve as a one server, or as a set of servers. Additionally, it can contain an application server such as Gunicorn. In any event, it's possible to receive the request of a customer via the web at large. Most of the time, the request would be directed directly to the server that hosts the information the client is asking for. Instead, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary in order to block your web server from communication with the web's public.




From a consumer's point view that is an individual's view, interacting via reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with the server by itself. It's basically the same as an internet server. The user is unable discern the difference. Clients can request the resource and is then provided with it, with no additional configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


Directing incoming traffic based on rules you can create.


Added functionality for caching.




Although centralized security is a benefit for both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies perform this for only the layer of web servers, but not to the client layer. Instead of implementing firewalls on the layer of web servers that may comprise multiple servers with different configurations, most of firewall security is located at that layer called reverse proxy. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with a firewall and interfacing with requests from clients without web servers allows them to concentrate on providing the needs of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers hosted by reverse proxy the reverse proxy determines which requests go towards which servers. Multiple servers may be offering the identical service, however each having different resources, or a combination of both. They can utilize the HTTP protocol similarly to an ordinary web server but can be outfitted with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that directs clients to an individual server depending on the resource they are looking for or to follow certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions also profit from their placement on the top of web servers by using the caching feature. Large static assets can be set up using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow users to serve static content directly without having to connect to a web server at all. Additionally the reverse proxy can be used to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy solution. It is real that Apache web server does have reverse proxy features but it's an alternative option. Apache and not the default option. Nginx was originally designed to and focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use - Situations



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality, they can lead to false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can confuse because both kinds of proxies handle the flow of requests as well as responses. An alternative approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to take into account the needs of the app you're building.




Reverse proxy is an essential element when designing an application that can deliver web-based applications to the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction on the internet.




Forward proxy applications are beneficial when it is displayed in front of clients for personal use or even in a working environment. They are a representation of the traffic of your client as you interact on the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on naming conventions that are commonplace can ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



The article outlined what a "proxy" is with the two most common kinds being reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of beneficial features was utilized to distinguish between forward proxy from reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring how to implement proxies you should check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as a webserver and reverse proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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