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A proxy also referred to a proxy server software which serves as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without proxy servers, a user could submit a request to servers directly and servers would then serve the requested resource directly to the user. It is an easy process to grasp and use the addition of proxy servers could bring benefits such as enhanced performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of pass-through they act as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the bundled set of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is typically referred as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically understood as software, and as when referring to web servers. The article will provide an explanation of the two types of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a distinct usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an idea of the what proxy services and their subtypes, as well as how they are beneficial for the common setups. If you've read this article, you'll to recognize situations where it is beneficial to use proxy services and make the appropriate choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known by the name of an open proxy is the representative of the client trying to send an internet-based request to the server that made it. In this situation the attempts to make requests from the user will be sent straight through the forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy acting instead of the client will review the request. It will first decide if this client is able to make requests using this specific forward proxy. It will then either refuse requests or redirect them to the server it originated from. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly. It can access only what forward proxy allows for it to link to.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy utilizes the internet in lieu of an individual client and during this manner, it may utilize an alternate IP address in place of the primary IP address used by the client.




Depending on how it's been set up, a forward proxy can provide a variety of functions and permit you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine restrictions based on location.




Forward proxies can also be utilized in systems that provide central security and access based upon permissions, like in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer an administrator can allow only a handful of users access to the internet using an ordinary firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the client layer which can involve many machines with different settings and users, there is a way to put a firewall set up at an intermediary layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual setup for them to be used and reverse proxies are able to be omitted by clients. Based on the type of IP address of the client is sent to the source server via the forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or left transparent.




There are several options to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An free forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. It does not come with an an entire Web server software. Learn more from our guide on how to use Squid proxy to enable private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante: A forward proxy that operates on the SOCKS protocol in place of HTTP so that it is better to work in situations like with peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to create a Dante proxy that allows private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise an individual server or a number of servers. Furthermore, it could function as an app server for instance, Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios a request could be made by a user through the internet at large. Most of the time it is transmitted directly to the server hosting the information that the client is requesting. Reverse proxy is a intermediary to isolate Web servers and prevent direct interaction with the public internet.




From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective using reverse proxy is not anything different than working with a the Web server directly. It's functionally the same but the client can't discern the difference. The client requests the resource and then it receives it, without any additional configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




A central layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound on rules you can configure.


New caching functionality has been added.




Although central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature to that layer that is on the webserver, rather than the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level that may contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is placed in the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility to interact with firewalls and interacting with client requests off of web servers enables the firewall to focus on supplying resources.




In the case of multiple servers that are connected to a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing the requests to the server. There may be multiple web servers providing identical content, supplying different types of services or a mix of both. They could use the HTTP protocol in the same way as the traditional web server. However, they could also be able to use applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up a reverse proxy to send visitors to a particular server based on the service they require or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can benefit from being placed prior to web servers through the capability of storing data. Large static assets can be created with caching rules in order to avoid having to call web servers on every request, with some solutions even allowing users to serve static files directly without having to connect to the server once. Additionally the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server can also function as a powerful reverse proxy option. Although Apache has a reverse proxy option however, it is a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is outfitted with a reverse proxy function as an additional feature for Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxies handle both requests as well as responses. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies is to examine the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you're developing a solution to serve applications on the web via the internet. They represent your web servers whenever you interact on the internet.




A forward proxy can be helpful when placed in front of clients for personal use or in a professional context. They are a representation of your client's web traffic during any interaction on the internet.




The practice of segregating by use case rather than focussing on similar names will help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy with two kinds: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and the exploration of attributes that are beneficial were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in exploring the implementation of proxies then you should learn how you can configure Nginx for use as an online server as well as reverse proxy to Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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