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It's a proxy, also called a proxy server. It is a software that serves in the role of a intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a user can make a request for any resource directly to the server and the server will serve the resource directly back at the request of the customer. While this is a simple method to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies can bring advantages in the form of increased performance and privacy, security and many other benefits. As a layer of pass-through, a proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




The general consensus is that the combination of server hardware and software to install proxy servers is commonly referred to as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxy servers which are generally classified as software, as well as when referring to web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of the two principal kinds of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own use situation, and is often confused due to the same terminology.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies are and the subtypes of them and how they function in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to identify the scenarios that you can gain from a proxy. You'll then select the most appropriate reverse and forward proxy options for each circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known as the open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wants to forward a request over the internet to an source server. In this instance, the whole attempt to send requests by the user will be sent to the forward-proxy. The forward proxy, acting on behalf of the client will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine if the client is able to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. The client then decides if it wants to decline a request and forward it to its origin server. The client is not allowed direct access to the internet. It can access only what forward proxy permits for it to be connected to.




A common use of forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security when surfing the web. Forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet lieu of a client, and in this manner it could utilize an alternative IP address to the client's original IP address.




Based on the way it has been set up the forward proxy can provide various functions based on how it is configured and lets you:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems which are centralised and have permission-based access such as in the workplace. All internet traffic can pass via the open forward proxy. administrators can allow only a handful of clients connection to internet via an ordinary firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls for the client layer which could comprise a range of computers with different configurations and users, a firewall can be installed at an front proxy layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxies need to be set up manually to use, however reverse proxy servers will remain undetected by users. Depending on the type of IP address of a user is sent to the origin server by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or unnoticed.




There are many possibilities to look into for forward proxy options:




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx is a popular open-source web server with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which makes use of an HTTP protocol. It does not come with an complete web server application. Check out our tutorial on installing Squid proxy to connect privately for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to investigate how to set up the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a webserver which takes care of requests from clients in its place. Web servers can function as a single server, or a number of servers. It can also serve like an app server such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request is made by a user via the internet. In most cases, the request will be directly sent to the web server which has the resources that the user wants. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating it from direct contact with the internet's open.




From the perspective of the client, interacting with reverse proxy is not different from connecting to the web server directly. It's functionally the same and the user is unable to tell the difference. The client sends an request for a resource and then receiving it with no extra configuration required from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Directing traffic according to rules that you define.


Additional functions to cache data.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy servers provide this benefit only to that layer of the internet server, but not the client layer. Instead of the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers that can include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of the firewall security can be handled by the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore eliminating the responsibility of communicating with a firewall and interacting with clients who request information from web servers lets them focus on serving the resources.




If there are multiple servers operating behind a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy takes care of how requests are routed to the server. There may be several web servers offering the same service, each providing different kinds of resources, or a combination of the two. They may utilize the HTTP protocol for a traditional web server, however, they may additionally include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that routes customers to specific servers depending upon the requested resource or to adhere to specific rules for traffic volume.




Reverse proxies can also benefit by their position over web servers by offering caching functionality. Large static assets can be configured by using caching rules to stop the web server from being hit with every request, with some options allowing users to provide static files directly, without connecting to a web server even once. Additionally, reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is a highly popular reverse proxy service. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server does have a reverse proxy functionality as an added option for Apache while Nginx was initially designed and was designed with a focus on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality and false distinctions between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These labels are prone to confusion because both types of proxies deal with requests and responses. The best method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy is a crucial aspect when developing a solution to serve websites on the internet. They serve as your web servers during any interaction via the internet.




A forward proxy is useful for use in front of customers for your personal usage, or even in a workplace. They act as your client's proxy for any interaction on the internet.




The use case-based differentiation rather than focusing solely on standard naming conventions makes it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the definition of a proxy, with the two main types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios for using them and a review of the most effective features were employed to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're looking to know more about the advantages of proxies, you can read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and an internet server with Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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